In the name of Allah, the Merciful and the compassionate and we asking the help to Allah: verily He is the best Helper Peace be upon Muhammad and Ali and their family the goods, May the curse of Allah be upon their enemies forever and ever

Allah the High, the Almighty in His Holy Book said: Establish the prayer at the decline of the sun till the darkening of the night

Calendar of Religious Times

Fajr - Sunrise - Dhuhr - Asr – Maghrib (Sunset) - Isha - the semi and the final third of the night

Permanent solar calendar of night and day times
 

Research project, management and scientific peers

Daar al-Maĕaaref al-Ilaahiyyah
 

Preparation and compilation: the sciences of calendar, astronomy and astrology Institute of Hayaat-aĕlaa Fondation
 

 


 

In “Khaazenaan wahy” Speech of Hazrat Amir al mo'menin Ali ibn Abi Talib (aleyhi s-salam) been quoted that Hazrat Rasul, peace be upon him and his descendants, has said:
Every God's servant who makes an effort on prayer times and who pray attention to the Sun positions (to discern the prayers times), God grant him tranquility at the time of death, disappearance of anxiety and distress and salvation from Hellfire. We were at one time camel driver and today we have become sunwatch

All the ritual times of this calendar have been established according the teachings of the Revelation and the Speech of the “Khaazenaan wahy” (the House Hold of the Prophet, aleyhimo s-salam). Fajr, sunrise, sunset (maghrib) and isha times have been extracted from of the references of the main international astronomic centers like the Astronomy center of the Naval forces of USA, NASA, the Air Force and the Ministry of Defense of USA and England, the Astronomy center of naval force of England, the Greenwich observatory and also from works of some astronomers, authors of calendar, pilots, sailors, photographers, film makers, fishermen around the World who need the exact calculation of sunrise, sunset, morning and evening twilight times, then, according these calculations the others times like fajr kaadheb, dhuhr, asr, the end of Isha time, midnight and the third part of the night have been extracted.

Times of fajr, sunrise, sunset and isha are usually calculated and extracted by a precise mathematical formulas and spherical trigonometry, however the methods and calculations of astronomical centers and authors of calendars who calculate these times separately are often affected by a coefficient of errors and inaccuracies , thus, some global and usual calculations of hours and various parameters have been updated and for more acuity of the ritual times of the calendar, we have extracted these times from the most important international references (military, astronomical and navigation centers) and on this basis we have calculated the others times..

                                                                                    
Presentation of fourteen ritual times:
Morning twilight is lighting before sunrise and in the mid-latitude regions, sunrise and the beginning of morning twilight is named “Fajr saadeq” (true fajr). It is the time to form the intention to fast and to pray the morning Prayer. The time of “Fajr kaadheb” (false fajr) which is the excellence time of supererogatory prayers of Witr and the time of abstinence for person who want to fast, is about 12 minutes (three degrees celestial) before "Fajr saadeq". The time of interval between the beginning of morning twilight and sunrise is called “bain al-toloaeyn”. Azan Dhuhr is at the center of the interval of time between sunrise and sunset when zenith time. It is also the “dhouhaa” time (brunch time) and a time for adorations. Between zenith time and sunset, in the center of this interval of time is Asr. Azan Maghrib and sunset are together. Evening twilight is lighting after sunset: sunset and the end of evening twilight in mid-latitude is Isha. Isha time is symmetrical with Fajr time. The interval of time between sunset and evening twilight is called “bain al-ishaayian” which duration is equal to “bain al- toloaeyn”. The midnight is at the center of the interval of time between sunset and sunrise or at the center of the interval of time between evening twilight (Isha time) and the morning twilight and Fajr saadeq (morning Azan). According the teachings of the Maktab of the Revelation: the passage of the first third of the night is the end of the excellence time of Isha Prayer and the beginning of the second third of night which is the time of rest and sleep. The Midnight is the time of acceptance of the invocations and the last third of the night is for tahajjud (noctural orisons) and supererogatory prayers, prosternations and incantations. These four night times are obtained by dividing the duration of the night by half and third. Although the night, according the celestial and conventional point of view, is beginning with sunset and continued until evening twilight, in “Khaazenaan wahy” Speech (aleyhimo s-salam) “bain al-toloaeyn” and “bain al-ishaayian” are considered as two times outside of day and night. Therefore to calculate the different parts of the night, first we must calculate the interval of time between Isha and Fajr, then apply the operation aforesaid.

Ritual times in high geographic latitudes:
In the regions of high geographic latitude of 48°33′43 ′′ or more of the southern or northern hemisphere. In a part of the year, after sunset, evening twilight (lighting after sunset) doesn't go down and joins the morning twilight (lighting before sunrise): all the night, the light of the sky is same the light of “bain al-toloaeyn” and “bain al-ishaayian”, then, suddenly the sun is rising. In this case, sunset and sunrise times only can be recognizable and it is impossible to discern Isha and Fajr times (according to the characteristics of Isha and Fajr times in regions of mid-latitude) . In an other part of year, when the evening twilight join morning twilight, the light of the sky is so intense that night like day. It is called the "polar day" or "midnight Sun". During the polar day season, according the last Fajr time, we calculte Fajr and Isha "taqdiri times"


Isha time in high geographic latitudes:
When absence of sunset and junction of evening twilight with morning twilight, the hour of the excellence time of Isha Prayer is isha "taqdiri time" that means, 72 minutes after sunset which is equivalent to the minimum amount of evening twilight and the time of 18 degrees in mid-latitudes. The end of the excellence time of Isha Prayer is one hour and a half after sunset : do not delay it further.

For calculating the half, third and two-thirds of the night when Fajr and Isha are very close to midnight and when evening twilight join morning twilight, for calculating the amount of night we consider isha and fajr "taqdiri times" that means the interval of time between 72 minutes after sunset until 72 minutes before sunrise, then we apply the aforesaid divisions.

Fajr time in high geographic latitudes that is an unconventional night:
1- When evening twilight is very close to midnight: About fasting: the beginning of the abstinence and the time to form the intention to fast are at the time of Fajr saadeq. About morning Prayer: it is better to perform the morning Prayer in fajr "taqdiri time" that means 72 minutes before sunrise which is equivalent to the minimum amount of morning twilight and the time of 18 degrees at mid-latitudes

2- When evening twilight joins morning twilight (midnight Sun): About fasting: the beginning of the abstinence and the time to form the intention to fast are at the time of the last Fajr saadeq. About morning Prayer: the morning Prayer must absolutely perform at the time of fajr "taqdiri time" that means 72 minutes before sunrise.

 

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go to calculation page of ritual times

 

مکه مکرمه مدينه منوره نجف اشرف كربلاي معلى كاظمين شريفين مشهد مقدس سامراي غريب بيت المَقدِس